Category: Wheel of the Year

What is The Autumn Equinox / Mabon

Learn all about the Autumn Equinox also called Mabon in some witch practices, in todays post by UK Witch and Tarot reader AJ

The wheel of the year continues to turn and it’s time for another feast day. The Autumn Equinox is here, to some practices, called Mabon (Mah-bon), after Welsh God Mabon, son of Earth Mother Goddess, Modron (who actually has nothing to do with the equinox…)

When is the Autumn Equinox / Mabon?

The Autumn Equinox almost always falls on either the 22nd or 23rd September (although in rare cases the window is from 21st September – 24th September at 02:03am BST.

In 2025, the Autumn Equinox is Monday 22nd September.

What is the Autumn Equinox?

The Autumn Equinox marks the end of summer and the beginning of Autumn, on this date, day and night are of equal length before the longer nights and shorter days start creeping in. Everything is at that perfect balance but also on the cusp of change.

What is Mabon?

Mabon is a feast in reconstructed paganism and the Wiccan faith, it only really started becoming labelled as Mabon around the 1970s but for many, the name kind of stuck.

Mabon is not only become the feast of the Autumm Equinox but also the Second Harvest, the Harvest of fruit and around the ‘harvest festival’ which some of you may remember from school. The Harvest Festival is traditionally celebrated on the Sunday nearest the harvest moon, the full moon nearest the Autumn Equinox.

It’s a time to reflect and celebrate on the year so far with the ‘reaping what you have sown’ mentality and seeing all of the benefits of your hard work so far.

For me, the most important part is the resting side. As the days grow darker and the nights grow longer, we are supposed to rest. After the feast and celebrating is done, we are supposed to retreat, use less energy and get through the winter. Like we used to before *capitalism*.

How can I celebrate the Equinox / Mabon?

Whether it’s making blackberry jam with your own little fruit harvest or just embracing the autumn aesthetic and adding some colour magic to your wardrobe, here are a bunch of things you can do to celebrate the equinox and Mabon, some low energy and some more intense:

  • Dress in Mabon colours: just as the leaves have changed, embrace earthy colours to match. Browns, deep reds, golds and dark greens
  • Eat Seasonal Food: I love to make a stew using squashes (like pumpkin) from the local organic green grocer. Hopefully next year I’ll be able to grow my own! if that’s a little too much, an apple pie from McDonald’s is also valid.
  • Go Blackberry picking: Get your own little harvest, you can use these to make blackberry jam, pies and syrups or even just eat them with sugar and be thankful for the bounty. This is generally the last time the berries are still good.
  • Hold a thanksgiving ritual: Write a letter to the universe of everything you’re thankful for this year so far. You can make it proper witchy by burning the list on the day of the Equinox and releasing that thankful energy into the universe
  • Light a candle: With the nights growing longer we’ll need to bring more light in, I use yellow / gold candles to symbolise that the sun will return.
  • Wind down and get comfy: This is the time when we’re supposed to rest and hibernate so do not feel guilty about grabbing a blanket and settling in with a cup of tea and a good book. It’s what we’re supposed to be doing and it’s a ritual in itself.

How will you celebrate the equinox this year?

Witchy Ways to Welcome the Start of the Month

Let welcome in the start of the Month Witchy style darlings!

A new month is like a mini New Year—full of fresh energy, untapped potential, and a chance to reset your Magickal practice. Whether you’re a seasoned witch or just love a little mystical flair in your routine, there are countless enchanting ways to honour this monthly transition. Here are some of my favourite witchy ways to welcome the start of the month with style, intention, and a sprinkle of enchantment.

Image Credit: Консультация по картам таро – Tarot cards spread for reading” by Таролог Альбина 

Perform a Monthly Tarot or Oracle Card Reading

Tarot and oracle cards are powerful tools for guidance, reflection, and setting the tone for the weeks ahead. A simple monthly spread can help you focus your energy and prepare for what’s coming. It’s also a great way to practice tarot reading if you are a beginner:  

How to Do It:

  • Shuffle your deck while thinking: “What energy should I focus on this month?”
  • Pull three cards:
    • Card 1: Theme of the month
    • Card 2: A challenge to be aware of
    • Card 3: Advice for navigating the month
  • Journal your insights and revisit them weekly.

Why It Works:
Tarot helps you tap into your intuition and align with the cyclical nature of time. It’s like having a mystical roadmap!

🔗 Further Reading: Tarot Card reading articles

“Image” by Crystl 

Cleanse Your Space with Smoke or Sound

A new month calls for a fresh, clean energy in your home. Smoke cleansing (with herbs like sage, rosemary, or your preferred cleanser – I’m partial to cinnamon and use it everyday..see cinnamon section below) or sound cleansing (with bells, singing bowls, or even clapping) can clear out stagnant vibes.

How to Do It:

  • Light a cleansing bundle (or use an incense stick) and walk through each room, wafting smoke into corners and doorways.
  • Say aloud: “I release what no longer serves me and welcome in positive energy.”…I’ve also been known to just bash a frying pan, opening my windows and screaming at negative energy to leave my house – as always here at Digital Coven, do what feels right for you. 
  • Alternatively, ring a bell or chime in each room to vibrationally cleanse the space.

Why It Works:
Energetic cleansing helps reset your environment, making it easier to manifest new goals.

🔗 Further Reading: Check our cleansing rituals content 

“Cinnamon” by Kjokkenutstyr.net

Sprinkle Cinnamon at Your Door for Abundance

Cinnamon isn’t just for lattes (but for sure you can use them ritually in your coffee) —it’s a powerful prosperity herb! Sprinkling it at your doorstep at the start of the month invites wealth, success, and positive energy into your home.

How to Do It:

  • On the first day of the month, take a pinch of ground cinnamon.
  • Stand at your front door and say:
    “As this cinnamon lies here, abundance draws near.”
  • Sprinkle  it in a line across your threshold (or just inside the door). You can also put it on your palm and blow it out of the door for the same effect. 

Why It Works:
Cinnamon has long been used in money magic for its fiery, fast-acting energy. Placing it at your door symbolically welcomes prosperity into your life. You can also use a stick of it every morning to stir your coffee for a daily Abundance ritual, just make sure to stir the intention clockwise towards yourself. 

@bunnypudding

Join me civen as i start the working day! Today were going to be creating kitchen witch content✨what witchy thinhs do you do for your morning routines?✨as always likes, shares and comments are always appreciated in this social media world and leave any recommendations for content youd like me to create below, darlings! #witchtok #witch #witchcraft #kitchenwitch #realwitchtok #digitalcoven #witchesoftiktok #witchy

♬ Yacht Club – MusicBox

Above is an example of using cinnamon in a morning ritual.

Various types of salts that can be used for cleansing

“Salts” by larryjh1234

Cleanse Your Home with Herbs & Salt

A new month calls for a fresh, clean energy in your space. A herbal floor sweep or salt cleanse clears out stagnant vibes and resets the energy.

How to Do It:

  • Mix salt (black salt for protection and/or sea salt for cleansing) with dried rosemary, bay leaves, clove and/or sage.
  • Sprinkle it across your floors (especially near doorways), then sweep or vacuum it up while visualising negativity being removed.
  • Say: “Out with the old, in with the new. This space is cleansed and renewed.” or whatever phrase you feel has your required intent. 

Why It Works:
Salt is purifying, and herbs like rosemary boost clarity and protection. Together, they create a powerful reset for your home.

@bunnypudding

#witch #witchtok #witchcraft #spells #spell #protectionspell #kitchenwitch #witchcrafttiktok #magick #magickalcharms #spellcraft

♬ Elevator Music – Bohoman

Lay a Protective Salt Barrier at Your Doorstep

Want to keep negative energy out all month long? A protective salt line at your doorstep acts like magical security.

How to Do It:

  • Use black salt, red brick dust, or regular sea salt mixed with protective herbs (like rosemary or thyme).
  • Draw a thin line across your doorstep (outside or inside) while saying:
    “No harm may enter, only good may stay. This salt protects me night and day.”
  • Reapply monthly or after heavy rain.

Why It Works:
Salt has been used for centuries as a spiritual barrier. This simple trick keeps your home energetically safe.

🔗 Further Reading:  Psst – I share my protection salt recipe over on my tiktok and on Patreon as well. 

Above Tiktok is a protective salt that I made using eggs shells and other magickal herbs

“Custom Spell Jar” by The Enchanted Web 

Create a Monthly Witch Jar or Spell Bag

A witch jar (or charm bag) is a simple way to contain your intentions for the month. Fill it with herbs, crystals, and symbols that align with your goals.

How to Do It:

  • Choose a small jar or pouch.
  • Add ingredients like:
    • Rosemary (clarity)
    • Citrine (abundance)
    • Cinnamon (success)
    • A written intention on paper
  • Seal it and keep it on your altar or in your bag.

Why It Works:
Witch jars hold concentrated energy and act as a physical reminder of your monthly goals.

“new green candle sm” by SBT4NOW 

Host a Simple Abundance Ritual

The start of the month is a great time to invite prosperity—whether financial, emotional, or spiritual. A simple abundance ritual can set the tone.

How to Do It:

  • Light a green or gold candle (colors of wealth).
  • Hold a coin or dollar bill and say:
    “Money flows to me easily, and my blessings multiply.”
  • Place the money in your wallet as a prosperity charm for the month.

Why It Works:
Rituals program your subconscious to attract abundance by aligning your energy with gratitude and openness.

Refresh Your Altar for the New Month

If you have a witchy altar, the start of the month is the perfect time to rearrange, cleanse, and rededicate it. I am very guilty of having a messy altar so no shame here, darlings! 

How to Do It:

  • Dust off and cleanse crystals/statuettes.
  • Swap out seasonal decor (flowers, colors, symbols).
  • Add a new offering (a crystal, fresh herbs, or a written intention).

Why It Works:
An updated altar reflects your current energy and keeps your practice vibrant.

Herbs that are used in witchy magickal teas and rituals

“Tea leaves jasmin rose apple cranberry fruit” by Le living and co. 

Brew a Monthly Intentional Tea or Potion

Kitchen witchery is an easy way to blend magic into daily life. Brew a monthly intention tea to sip while setting goals.

How to Do It:

  • Choose herbs like:
    • Peppermint (fresh starts)
    • Lavender (calm)
    • Ginger (motivation)
  • Stir clockwise while whispering your desires into the cup.

Why It Works:
Drinking infused teas internalizes your intentions in a soothing, magical way.

🔗 Further Reading:  Pssst – More tea Magic over on my Social media and Patreon 

Here a lovely new moon tea recipe that I made: 

@bunnypudding

New moon rea ✨ what are you doing for the new moon? #witch #witchtok #witchcraft #witches #magick #newmoon #newmoonmagic #tea #teamagic #kitchenwitch

♬ Elevator Music – Bohoman

“Spa in DVN” by Dennis Wong 

Take a Ritual Bath for Renewal

A monthly cleansing bath washes off old energy and prepares you for new beginnings.

How to Do It:

  • Add Epsom salt, rosemary, or rose petals to your bath.
  • Light candles and say:
    “I release the past and welcome this new chapter.”

Why It Works:
Water is a purifying element, and ritual baths are a form of spiritual reset.

The start of a new month is ripe with magic—whether you prefer tarot, cleansing, spellwork, or simple mindful rituals. Pick one (or mix a few!) to set the tone for a month full of intention and enchantment. 

Which one will you try first? Let me know in the comments! ✨

(Note: Always practice fire safety, and remember—magic is as much about mindset as it is about ritual.)

🔮 Happy Witchy Month! 🔮

Click the link to book a Witchy Workshop or Tarot reading or get in touch: Emma@emfluence.co.uk

Why not show me some love on my social channels as well, it really makes  me feel warm and fuzzy when I hear from you! Also, if I inspire any of your work, please give me credit – sharing is caring now darlings! X x 

@Bunnypudding (Tiktok) / @Bunnyscopes (Instagram)

Until Next time my darlings, all the love! 

Ems x 

Psss – Youtube and Patreon content coming very very soon! ❤ 

The History and Celebration of Lughnasadh and Lammas : Embracing the First Harvest Festival

Today is the first harvest festival of the year. Today we delve into the the History and Celebration of Lughnasadh and Lammas.

It’s August 1st darlings, which can mean only one thing – It’s time to Celebrate Lughnasadh! Who doesn’t like giving thanks and having a wee party, eh? Lughnasadh, also known Lammas in some areas of the UK, is a significant festival in the Wheel of the Year, marking the beginning of the Harvest season. Celebrated on August 1st, Lughnasadh is a time to give thanks for the first fruits of the earth and to honor the Celtic god Lugh. This ancient festival, rich in history and tradition, is a vibrant blend of pagan, Christian, and agricultural elements – Who doesn’t love a bit of diversity at a party, am I right?

The Historical Roots of Lammas

Pagan Origins

The term “Lammas” is derived from the Old English/ Anglo Saxon word “hlafmaesse,” meaning “loaf mass.” It was traditionally the time when the first grain harvest was celebrated, and loaves of bread were baked from the new wheat crop. These loaves were then used in rituals and as offerings. Who doesn’t love an excuse to eat cards, eh? 

Lammas corresponds with the Celtic festival of Lughnasadh, named after the god Lugh. Lugh was a god of light, skill, and craftsmanship, celebrated in many myths for his talents and leadership. Lughnasadh was a time for feasting, games, and community gatherings, reflecting the communal effort required for the harvest. Check out my other posts on Lughnasadh and Lammas – What’s the Difference?  And my post The Celtic Celebration of Lammas and the God Lugh for more info on these. (I know, I know, it’s an actual harvest of content today, isn’t it? You’re most welcome, coven) 

How It Inspired The Christian Tradition 

With the advent of Christianity, Lammas and Lughnasadh became ‘integrated’ into the Christian calendar. It evolved into a thanksgiving for the first fruits, and loaves of bread were blessed in churches. This blending of traditions illustrates the adaptability of early Christian practices to local customs and agricultural cycles. 

“Two men from the British Isles harvest wheat / Deux hommes des îles Britanniques récoltent du blé” by BiblioArchives / LibraryArchives is licensed under CC BY 2.0.

Agricultural Significance

Lughnasadh / Lammas is deeply rooted in agricultural traditions. It marks the time when the hard work of planting and tending crops begins to bear fruit. The first grains of the year are harvested, a crucial milestone for agrarian societies. This celebration of abundance is also a reminder of the need for continued hard work to ensure a bountiful harvest in the coming months.

Celebrating Lughnasadh and Lammas Today

Modern celebrations of Lughnasadh / Lammas can vary widely, reflecting its diverse origins and the personal beliefs of those who observe it. Here are some common ways to celebrate this festival, both traditionally and in contemporary settings.

Rituals and Practices

  1. Bread Baking and Offering
    Baking bread is one of the most traditional ways to celebrate Lammas. The act of baking symbolizes transformation and the cycle of life, as the harvested grain is turned into sustenance. Here is a simple ritual to try:


Materials Needed:

  • Flour, yeast, water, salt, and any other bread ingredients you prefer.
  • A loaf pan or baking sheet.
  • Candles for your altar.
  1. Instructions:
  • Set up a small altar with candles, representing the light and warmth of the harvest.
  • As you mix the ingredients, focus on your intentions for the bread. Consider what you are grateful for and what you wish to manifest.
  • While kneading the dough, chant or sing to imbue the bread with positive energy.
  • Once baked, place the bread on the altar and offer thanks to the earth for its bounty. You can share the bread with loved ones or use it in further rituals.

“Harvest Moon” by Turku Gingerbread is licensed under CC BY 2.0.

  1. Harvest Feast
    Hosting a feast with friends and family is a joyous way to celebrate Lammas. Use seasonal fruits, vegetables, and grains to create a meal that honors the first harvest. Decorate your space with sheaves of wheat, sunflowers, and other symbols of abundance.
  1. Crafting Corn Dollies
    Corn dollies are traditional crafts made from the last sheaf of wheat harvested. These figures were believed to house the spirit of the grain and were kept until the next planting season to ensure a good crop. To make a corn dolly:
    Materials Needed:
  • Dried wheat stalks or corn husks.
  • String or ribbon.
  1. Instructions:
  • Soak the wheat stalks or corn husks in water to make them pliable.
  • Braid or weave the stalks into a figure, tying them with string or ribbon to hold the shape.
  • Place the corn dolly on your altar or hang it in your home as a symbol of prosperity and protection.

“File:Contemporary male Corn dolly.jpg” by Mountainash333 is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0.

I also like to make ‘Dollies’ out of flowers and grass, especially when I sat in a field doing my thanksgiving. Above is a very fancy Male Corn Dolly representing ‘The Harvest Father’ 

  1. Offering to the Land
    Making offerings to the land is a way to give thanks and honor the earth. You can offer a portion of your harvested fruits, vegetables, or baked goods to the land. Simply find a special place in nature and leave your offering with a prayer of gratitude.
  1. Reflection and Gratitude Ritual
    Lammas is a time for reflection and gratitude. Set aside time to meditate on the past year’s growth and challenges. Write down what you are thankful for and what you hope to achieve in the coming months. Burn the paper as an offering, symbolizing the release of your intentions into the universe.

“Mabon Altar 2012” by Pearl Photo is marked with Public Domain Mark 1.0.

Incorporating Lughnasadh / Lammas into Modern Life

While the traditional practices of Lammas are deeply rooted in agrarian life, they can be adapted to suit modern lifestyles. Here are some ideas for incorporating Lammas into your life, regardless of your living situation:

  1. Urban Celebrations
    Even if you live in an urban environment, you can celebrate Lammas by visiting a local farmers’ market and purchasing seasonal produce. Support local agriculture by buying fresh fruits, vegetables, and bread. As a London Dweller myself, I always try to find some green space (believe it or not there is some in London!) and take some time to sit and pay gratitude, and if able do a few wee rituals. Also, growing herbs and other things in window boxes and on balconeys is another great way to get your green witchcraft hat on!
  1. Gardening and Planting
    If you have a garden, use Lammas as a time to tend to your plants and reflect on the cycle of growth. Planting herbs or flowers that thrive in late summer can be a symbolic act of honoring the earth. If you are low energy, then just sitting in your garden or green space having a coffee can be just as sacred.
  1. Community Involvement
    Lammas is about community and sharing. Volunteer at a local food bank or community garden to give back to your community. Sharing your time and resources is a modern way to embody the spirit of the first harvest. I also like to go and feed the local crows in my park, and pick up any rubbish as I do so. Little things we do can have a huge impact.
  1. Creative Expressions
    Engage in creative activities that celebrate the themes of Lammas. Paint, write poetry, or create music inspired by the season’s abundance and the myth of Lugh. Creative expression can be a powerful way to connect with the festival’s energy. I love to have a bit of a dance and sing song (rather badly I may add but it’s still bloody fun so why not?!)

Do you celebrate Lughnasadh or Lammas? If so let us know below or via our social channels as we love to hear from you and share our practices. 

Like this article? Why not sign up to our newsletter and or social channels? We love to hear from you! 

@Bunnypudding (Tiktok) / @Bunnyscopes (Instagram)

Ems xX

References

Profile Image: “File:A Contemporary Goddess of the corn . Corn Mother.JPG” by Rowan Duxbury is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0. 

Hutton, Ronald. The Stations of the Sun: A History of the Ritual Year in Britain. Oxford University Press, 1996.

Pennick, Nigel. The Pagan Book of Days: A Guide to the Festivals, Traditions, and Sacred Days of the Year. Destiny Books, 1992.

Farrar, Janet and Stewart. Eight Sabbats for Witches. Robert Hale, 1981.

Grimm, Jacob. Teutonic Mythology. George Bell and Sons, 1883.

MacNeill, Máire. The Festival of Lughnasa: A Study of the Survival of the Celtic Festival of the Beginning of Harvest. Oxford University Press, 1962.

Lughnasadh and Lammas – What’s the Difference? A Very Concise History of the Celtic and Anglo Saxon Nations

We explain what the Celtic Nations are and what the difference between Lughnasadh and Lammas. Snazzy, eh?

Hello Coven, me again, what can I say, I am NEEDY for your love and most likely in the middle of a hyper fixation….You’re welcome! Anyhow, further to my earlier post on Lughnasadh and Lammas I wanted to share a post I wrote for an upcoming project I am working on (around Celtic Heritage….eiiii) about the variance between the two festivals. The British Isles has a fascinating history featuring a mix of cultures including Celtic, Anglo Saxon, Norse (Yip, they get around everywhere, bless ‘em),Norman and even blooming the fabulous cultures that the Roman army brought over, we certainly have a multi-cultural vibe going on. So I just wanted to add a bit more nuance to variance between the festivals historically. 

Firstly, what are the celtic nations? 

“File:Map of Celtic Nations-flag shades.svg” by QuartierLatin1968 is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0.

The Celtic Nations

The Celtic nations are regions in Western Europe where Celtic languages and cultural traditions have endured. There are six recognised Celtic nations:

  1. Ireland (Éire) [Green] Aka Emma’s Mother Land ❤
    • Language: Irish Gaelic (Gaeilge)
    • Highlights: Rich traditions in music, dance, and folklore. Historical sites like the Hill of Tara reflect its ancient Celtic roots.
  2. Scotland (Alba) [Blue] Aka Ajs Mother Land 
    • Language: Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)
    • Highlights: Famous for wild haggis, bagpipes, kilts, and Highland games. The language is spoken in the Highlands and the Western Isles, with historical sites like the Callanish Stones. 
  3. Wales (Cymru) [Red] 
    • Language: Welsh (Cymraeg)
    • Highlights: Known for male voice choirs and the Eisteddfod festival. The beautiful Welsh language is NOW widely spoken and taught especially in the north and west but this is only recently but let’s talk about colonisation in another post…. 
  4. Brittany (Breizh) [Black] 
    • Language: Breton (Brezhoneg)
    • Highlights: Located in northwest France, it features traditional music and dance (fest-noz). The Breton language is spoken by a minority, with megalithic sites like Carnac.
  5. Cornwall (Kernow) [Yellow]
    • Language: Cornish (Kernewek)
    • Highlights: Situated in southwestern England, known for mining, fishing, and folklore. The language, like Welsh is experiencing a revival, with cultural sites like Tintagel Castle.
  6. Isle of Man (Mannin) [Mustard] 
    • Language: Manx Gaelic (Gaelg)
    • Highlights: The island has a unique Celtic and Norse heritage, with traditional music and the annual Tynwald Day ceremony. Manx Gaelic is being revived through education.

Other Regions with Celtic Influence

  • Galicia and Asturias (Spain): These regions have significant Celtic cultural elements, especially in music and dance.

And finally England [White]: 

Why England Isn’t a Celtic Nation (Explained Politely)

While certain regions of England, such as Cornwall, have Celtic roots, England as a whole is not considered a Celtic nation. This is due to the significant Anglo-Saxon and Norman influences that have shaped its cultural and linguistic identity, overshadowing the earlier Celtic heritage. The predominant language and cultural practices in England evolved separately from the distinct Celtic traditions maintained in the recognised Celtic nations.

Union of Nations Celtics

“Combined flag of the Celtic nations” by BzhSamTheRipper is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0.

Ok, phew – let’s get to the festival variances between the festival and a detailed comparison of the two:

Lughnasadh:

Origins and Etymology

  • Celtic Festival: Lughnasadh is rooted in ancient Celtic tradition. The name Lughnasadh (pronounced “Loo-nah-sah”) is derived from the god Lugh, a prominent deity in Celtic mythology, and “nasadh,” which means assembly.
  • Mythological Significance: Lughnasadh was established by Lugh to honor his foster mother, Tailtiu, who died from exhaustion after clearing the plains of Ireland for agriculture. It is a celebration of the harvest and a commemoration of Tailtiu’s sacrifice. Thanks Tailtiu!

Celebrations and Traditions

  • Feasting and Games: Central to Lughnasadh are communal feasts and athletic games, reflecting Lugh’s associations with skill and competition. These games included horse racing, wrestling, and various contests of strength and agility.
  • Religious Rituals: Offerings of the first fruits of the harvest were made to the gods, particularly to Lugh, to ensure continued fertility and abundance. Rituals often took place at sacred sites such as hilltops and stone circles.
  • Craftsmanship: As Lugh was a god of many talents, craftsmanship and artistic skills were celebrated. Exhibitions and competitions in various crafts were held, showcasing the community’s talents.
  • Fire Festivals: Bonfires were lit as part of the festivities, symbolising purification and the power of the sun. The Celts love a fire festival, and celebrate 4 year. Nice.

Cultural Context

  • Irish and Scottish Heritage: Lughnasadh is primarily celebrated in regions with strong Celtic heritage, such as Ireland and Scotland. It has deep roots in the agricultural calendar and the Celtic mythology of these areas.

“Lúgh Láimh Fada == Lu of the Long Hands” by Liamfm . is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0.

Lammas

Origins and Etymology

  • Anglo-Saxon Festival: Lammas, from the Old English “hlafmaesse,” translates to “loaf mass.” It was a Christian festival that marked the blessing of the first loaf of bread made from the new wheat crop.
  • Christian Integration: As Christianity spread through the British Isles, Lammas became integrated into the Christian liturgical calendar. It was a time to give thanks to God for the first fruits of the harvest and to bless the bread made from the new grain.

“332 Lammas Festival” by Trinity Trees is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0.

Celebrations and Traditions

  • Blessing of Bread: The primary ritual of Lammas involved baking a loaf of bread from the first harvested grain and taking it to church to be blessed. This act symbolized gratitude for the harvest and the provision of daily bread.
  • Feasting and Community Gatherings: Similar to Lughnasadh, Lammas involved communal feasting and sharing of the harvest’s bounty. It was a time for communities to come together and celebrate the season’s abundance.
  • Agricultural Customs: In addition to the religious aspects, Lammas was also marked by various agricultural customs, such as the reaping of the first wheat and the preparation of fields for the next planting season.

Cultural Context

  • Medieval and Early Modern England: Lammas was widely celebrated in medieval and early modern England. It reflects the integration of pagan harvest festivals into the Christian tradition, demonstrating the adaptability and syncretism of religious practices during this period.

Comparison and Modern Celebrations

Common Themes

  • Harvest Celebration: Both Lughnasadh and Lammas celebrate the beginning of the harvest season, giving thanks for the first fruits and acknowledging the hard work of the agricultural cycle.
  • Community and Feasting: Communal meals and gatherings are central to both festivals, fostering a sense of community and shared gratitude.

“Barley-Harvest. [Suffolk.] Peter Henry Emerson” by J. Paul Getty Museum is marked with CC0 1.0.

Differences in Focus

  • Deity vs. Christian Context: Lughnasadh is specifically tied to the Celtic god Lugh and his mythological significance, whereas Lammas is a Christianized festival focusing on the blessing of bread and the harvest.
  • Cultural Origins: Lughnasadh has its roots in Celtic traditions and is primarily associated with Ireland and Scotland. Lammas, on the other hand, is an Anglo-Saxon festival that became integrated into Christian practices in England.

Modern Celebrations

  • Neo-Pagan Practices: Many modern Neo-Pagans celebrate Lughnasadh by incorporating traditional Celtic rituals, such as crafting corn dollies, baking bread, and holding feasts and games. These practices honor the historical roots and the god Lugh.
  • Wiccan Sabbats: In Wiccan tradition, both Lughnasadh and Lammas are celebrated as one of the eight Sabbats in the Wheel of the Year. Wiccans might blend elements of both traditions, focusing on harvest themes, gratitude, and community.
  • Mordern Witches: Many witches follow the wheel of the year but don’t have associations with any deities and in some cases are antheist but include elements of the celebrations in their practices (Again, hello fwends!)
  • Contemporary Christian Observance: Some Christian communities continue to observe Lammas with the blessing of bread and thanksgiving services, maintaining the festival’s historical Christian elements.

“Harvest Altar” by allynfolksjr is licensed under CC BY 2.0.

So there you have it! While Lughnasadh and Lammas share common themes of harvest and gratitude, they originate from distinct cultural and religious traditions. Lughnasadh is deeply rooted in Celtic mythology and the veneration of the god Lugh, while Lammas has its origins in Anglo-Saxon Christian practices centered around the blessing of the first bread. Both festivals, however, offer rich traditions and practices that celebrate the abundance of the earth and the importance of community.

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@Bunnypudding (Tiktok) / @Bunnyscopes (Instagram)

Ems xX

References

Featured image: “The grass bends, the oak breaks (harvest series)” by Rising Damp is licensed under CC BY 2.0.

Hutton, Ronald. The Stations of the Sun: A History of the Ritual Year in Britain. Oxford University Press, 1996.

Pennick, Nigel. The Pagan Book of Days: A Guide to the Festivals, Traditions, and Sacred Days of the Year. Destiny Books, 1992.

Farrar, Janet and Stewart. Eight Sabbats for Witches. Robert Hale, 1981.

Grimm, Jacob. Teutonic Mythology. George Bell and Sons, 1883.

MacNeill, Máire. The Festival of Lughnasa: A Study of the Survival of the Celtic Festival of the Beginning of Harvest. Oxford University Press, 1962.

The Celtic Celebration of Lughnasadh and the God Lugh

Its all Live, Laugh, Lugh! in todays post as we explore The Celtic Celebration of Lughnasadh and it’s name sake, the God Lugh

Three times a charm today Coven! As a bit of a teaser for a project that I am working on, here is a little explainer into the Celtic God Lugh and Lughnasadh, any questions or queries please let me know…but let’s dive in shall we?

Lughnasadh holds a significant place in the Celtic tradition as one of the four major fire festivals, along with Imbolc, Beltane, and Samhain. Celebrated on August 1st, Lughnasadh marks the beginning of the harvest season and is named after the god Lugh, a prominent figure in Celtic mythology.

The Celtic Celebration of Lughnasadh

The ancient Celts had a deep connection to the cycles of nature, and their festivals reflected the agricultural rhythms of their lives. Lughnasadh was no exception and was celebrated with a variety of customs that honored the harvest, fostered community ties, and paid homage to Lugh.

Feasting and Games
Lughnasadh was a time of communal feasting, where people gathered to share the bounty of the first harvest. These feasts included freshly baked bread, seasonal fruits, and other agricultural products. Sharing food was a way to strengthen community bonds and express gratitude for the earth’s abundance.
Athletic games and competitions were also a central feature of Lughnasadh celebrations. These games, often held in honor of Lugh, included feats of strength, speed, and skill. Horse races, wrestling matches, and various other contests showcased the talents and vitality of the community. These activities were not only a form of entertainment but also a way to honor the physical prowess and competitive spirit that Lugh represented.

    Crafts and Handiwork
    Craftsmanship was another important aspect of Lughnasadh. People would display their handiwork, including weaving, metalwork, and other crafts. This emphasis on skill and creativity was a tribute to Lugh, who was renowned for his multifaceted talents. Competitions and exhibitions of crafts were common, allowing individuals to showcase their abilities and receive recognition from their peers.

    “Callanish Stone Circle” by Travels with a dog and a Camera 🙂 is licensed under CC BY 2.0.

    Religious Ceremonies and Offerings
    Religious rituals were integral to the celebration of Lughnasadh. These ceremonies often took place at sacred sites such as hilltops, stone circles, and other natural landmarks. Offerings of the first fruits of the harvest, particularly grain, were made to the gods to ensure continued fertility and abundance. These offerings might include loaves of bread, freshly harvested grains, and other symbolic items.
    Bonfires were also lit during Lughnasadh, serving as a focal point for communal gatherings and rituals. Fire, a symbol of purification and transformation, played a crucial role in Celtic festivals. People might dance around the bonfires, leap over the flames for luck, and use the fire’s energy to bless their homes and fields.

    Cultural and Social Activities
    Lughnasadh was not only a religious and agricultural festival but also a cultural and social event. Storytelling, music, and dance were integral parts of the celebrations. Bards and poets would recite tales of heroes, gods, and the land, reinforcing the cultural heritage and values of the community. Music and dance brought people together, fostering a sense of unity and joy. Any excuse for a party, eh? Anyway whilst y’all here *Pulls out my poetry notes and clears throat* There was once a woman from Stoke, who got something caught…

      “Lúgh Láimh Fada == Lu of the Long Hands” by Liamfm . is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0.

      Lugh: The Multifaceted Celtic God

      Lugh, pronounced “Loo-g” and in is one of the most revered deities in Celtic mythology. Known by various epithets such as Lugh Lámhfhada (Lugh of the Long Arm) and Samildánach (Skilled in All Arts), Lugh’s character and deeds are central to the themes of Lughnasadh.

      Origins and Mythology
      Lugh is a member of the Tuatha Dé Danann, a race of supernatural beings in Irish mythology. His parentage is a mix of the divine and the mortal (Dude, same!) as he is the son of the god Cian and the Fomorian princess Ethniu. This union symbolises the bridging of different worlds and the integration of diverse qualities within Lugh.
      One of the most famous myths involving Lugh is his entry into the court of King Nuada at Tara. According to the story, Lugh approached the gates of Tara seeking entry, but the doorkeeper refused him, stating that only those with a special skill were allowed in. Lugh then listed his numerous skills, including warrior, poet, harpist, blacksmith, and physician, among others. When the doorkeeper was unable to find anyone who possessed all these skills, Lugh was admitted and became a prominent figure at Tara. Safe to say, I am taking the vibes of Lugh with me next time I try to get into a west London Club (I am joking, I’d rather eat my own head then go to West London club but you get what I mean)

        Attributes and Symbolism
        Lugh is often associated with the sun and light, embodying the qualities of illumination, clarity, and inspiration. His long arm signifies his far-reaching influence and his ability to extend his power and protection over his followers.
        As a god of many talents, Lugh represents excellence and mastery in various fields. This aspect of his character encourages individuals to develop their skills and talents to their fullest potential. Lugh’s multifaceted nature also symbolises versatility and adaptability, important traits for survival and success in both personal and communal life.

        “Golden wheat before the harvest with the setting sun in the background” by Ivan Radic is licensed under CC BY 2.0.

        Warrior and Protector
        Lugh is also celebrated as a fierce warrior and a protector of his people. He played a crucial role in the Second Battle of Mag Tuired, where the Tuatha Dé Danann fought against the oppressive Fomorians. Lugh’s leadership and combat skills were instrumental in securing victory for his people, highlighting his role as a defender of justice and freedom.

        Patron of Arts and Crafts
        The Celts are very creative and poetic people and so Lugh’s association with arts and crafts makes him a patron of creativity and innovation. His festival, Lughnasadh, reflects this through the emphasis on games, crafts, and competitions. Lugh inspires individuals to strive for excellence and to take pride in their achievements, fostering a culture of creativity and continuous improvement. Sigh, isn’t he dreamy?

          Modern Laghnasadh Interpretation and Celebration

          While the ancient Celts had specific customs and rituals for Lughnasadh, modern practitioners of Celtic spirituality and Neo-Paganism (Hiya Friends!) have adapted these traditions to fit contemporary lifestyles. Here are some ways to celebrate Lughnasadh today, drawing on the spirit of the ancient festival but as always, take what works and make your practice yoru own (Respectfully of course):

          Host a Harvest Feast
          Gather friends and family for a meal that celebrates the first fruits of the harvest. Include dishes made from seasonal produce and freshly baked bread. Sharing food and stories can recreate the communal atmosphere of ancient Lughnasadh feasts. If there is one thing I can say about my celtic friends and family is that we don’t any excuse to have a wee shin dig so by all means have a mini feast every week if you want!

            “Women’s interpretive dance class” by uwdigitalcollections is licensed under CC BY 2.0.

            Engage in Creative Activities
            Honor Lugh by engaging in a creative project, whether it’s crafting, writing, painting, or playing music. Showcase your skills and appreciate the talents of others in your community. Yes, social media and blog posts can be classed as creative exploits…this is a digita coven after all, would I say anything different?

              Participate in Athletic Games
              Organise or participate in athletic competitions or outdoor activities. Whether it’s a friendly race, a game of skill, or a hike, physical activity can connect you to the spirit of Lughnasadh and the energy of Lugh. I personally just go for a walk, as I don’t think I’ve ran since 2017 and I am fine with that. If you don’t or can’t do any athletic actvities why not watch the olympics this year or go and watch people play sports (again, respectfully…)

                Offerings and Rituals
                Create an altar with symbols of the harvest, such as grains, fruits, and flowers. Light candles and make offerings to Lugh and the earth. Express gratitude for the abundance in your life and set intentions for the coming season. I like to meditate as I light my candle at my alter, of course, make sure everything is fire safe yadda yadda…

                  Connect with Nature
                  Spend time outdoors, whether in a forest, a park, or your garden. Reflect on the cycles of nature and your place within them. Meditate, journal, or simply sit quietly to absorb the beauty and energy of the natural world.

                  And remember, Live, Laugh, Lugh!

                  Like this article? Why not sign up to our newsletter and or social channels? We love to hear from you! 

                  @Bunnypudding (Tiktok) / @Bunnyscopes (Instagram)

                  Ems xX

                  References

                  Profile Image: “File:Contemporary male Corn dolly.jpg” by Mountainash333 is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0.

                  Hutton, Ronald. The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles: Their Nature and Legacy. Wiley-Blackwell, 1993.

                  MacNeill, Máire. The Festival of Lughnasa: A Study of the Survival of the Celtic Festival of the Beginning of Harvest. Oxford University Press, 1962.

                  Freeman, Philip. Warriors and Druids: The Sacred World of the Celts. Pegasus Books, 2006.

                  Green, Miranda. Celtic Myths. University of Texas Press, 1995.

                  Ellis, Peter Berresford. The Mammoth Book of Celtic Myths and Legends. Running Press, 2002.

                  https://www.worldhistory.org/Lugh/

                  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lugh